Temporary

Showing posts with label book collecting. Show all posts
Showing posts with label book collecting. Show all posts

11 April 2015

Publication Announcement: 'Hocken. Prince of Collectors'

Delighted to hear Donald Kerr's book on one of New Zealand's greatest book collectors, Dr Thomas Morland Hocken, will be available in just a couple of months. I'm certainly not alone in saying how much I am looking forward to reading it. Congratulations, Donald!

From the University of Otago Press website:

Dr Thomas Morland Hocken (1836–1910) arrived in Dunedin in 1862, aged 26. Throughout his busy life as a medical practitioner he amassed books, manuscripts, sketches, maps and photographs of early New Zealand. Much of his initial collecting focused on the early discovery narratives of James Cook; along with the writings of Rev. Samuel Marsden and his contemporaries; Edward Gibbon Wakefield and the New Zealand Company; and Maori, especially in the south. He gifted his collection to the University of Otago in 1910. 

Hocken was a contemporary of New Zealand’s other two notable early book collectors, Sir George Grey and Alexander Turnbull. In this magnificent piece of research, a companion volume to his Amassing Treasures for All Times: Sir George Grey, colonial bookman and collector (2006), Donald Kerr examines Hocken’s collecting activities and his vital contribution to preserving the history of New Zealand’s early post-contact period.

PUBLICATION DETAILS: Hocken. Prince of Collectors by Donald Kerr 
Otago University Press http://www.otago.ac.nz/press
Jacketed hardback, 155 x 240 mm 
424 pp & 40 pp photos 
ISBN 978-1-877578-66-3, $60.00
IN-STORE: JUNE 2015

--

For more on Hocken and his collection, see the Hocken Library website:

26 May 2013

Samuel Pepys, William Hewer & Ogilby's Bible

On 23 February, I wrote about a copy of Richard Knolles's Turkish History (London, 1687) owned and inscribed by Samuel Pepys (1633‒1703) to highlight the 380th anniversary of the great book collector's birth. 2013 also marks the 310th anniversary of Pepys's death on 26 May 1703. To note the occasion, this week's post describes a second book from the Dunedin City Library's Heritage Collections associated with (but not owned by) Pepys.

Pepys's Final Years
The Dunedin copy of Knolles's Turkish History was inscribed by Pepys sometime in the latter half of 1690 after his brief imprisonment on suspicions of Jacobitism. Eleven years later, he retired from public life and left London for a house in Clapham Common, Surrey. Pepys spent the remaining years of his life there, living with his trusted friend and fellow naval administrator, William Hewer (1642–1715) (Pepys's wife Elisabeth died in 1669). Hewer, who was appointed executor of Pepys's will, was once one of his menservants and is mentioned numerous times in Pepys's diary. Pepys's renowned library (now at Magdalene College, Cambridge) was kept in Hewer's home from 1703 to 1724.

1660 Cambridge Bible
The Heritage Collections holds a book from Hewer's personal library, which was widely dispersed after his death. It is a copy of the 1660 Cambridge Bible in folio, printed for John Field and illustrated by John Ogilby ( ESTC R17044). The edition ‘marked the beginning of illustrated Bibles for the high end of the market .… Ogilby first presented a copy to the House of Commons, then extracted a payment of ₤50 for it’ (Van Eerde 46). The engraved title-page of Solomon enthroned is 'blatantly … royalist, for it is difficult not to see the long-haired king as Charles II, and the twelve small lions as twelve apostolic spaniels’ (Norton 148).





The 1660 Cambridge Bible is noted in Pepys’s diary (27 May 1667): 

‘There come also Richardson, the bookbinder, with one of Ogilby’s bibles in quires for me to see and buy, it being Mr. Cade’s, my stationer’s; but it is like to be so big that I shall not use it, it being too great to stir up and down without much trouble, which I shall not like nor do intend it for’ (8:237–8). Indeed, no copy is recorded in the Pepys Library catalogue.

Could the Dunedin copy of the 1660 Cambridge Bible be the very one mentioned in the diary, passed up by Pepys, but bought by Hewer? 


Hewer's bookplate, found on the verso of the title-page of the 1660
Book of Common Prayer (issued with the Bible; ESTC R31275)
*

It is impossible to know for certain without documentary evidence, but the idea is at least plausible. The large folio was expensive, possibly as much as £25 when published, even in sheets, which would have normally put the book out of reach for a clerk like Hewer earning £30 per annum.

Hewer, however, was not limited by his salary. According to Robert Latham, Hewer may have inherited money from his father, who died in 1665 (Diary, 10:183). His uncle, Robert Blackborne (d.1701), became secretary to the East India Company in December 1666 (ODNB), and Hewer amassed a large fortune built on trade as a result. His gift in January 1668 of a diamond necklace to Elisabeth Pepys worth £40 is evidence enough that the Bible was far from being beyond his means in 1667 (10:183).

Provenance Continued...
Hewer died in 1715. Much of his property, including the house and contents in Clapham Common, passed to his godson, who died without issue in 1728.

Hewer's books were sold in April 1730, along with the libraries of Thomas Hobart M.D. and the Reverend John Hancocke, prebendary of Canterbury. While the auction catalogue records a copy of the 1660 Cambridge Bible bound in three volumes with the capital letters illuminated (lot 1178), this description does not match the Dunedin copy, which is bound in two volumes with plain capital letters. It is presumed that the three-volume Bible belonged to either Hobart or Hancocke (the catalogue does not specify the former owners of each lot), and that the two-volume Hewer copy was sold or given as a gift before the sale.

Though the immediate owner after Hewer remains unknown, the Bible did not travel far from its Surrey home. Both volumes include the bookplate of William Brightwell Sumner (1728–1796), a member of the East India Company, who purchased Hatchlands Park, Surrey, from the literary hostess and member of the Bluestockings, Frances Boscawen (1719–1809) in 1770.

Further provenance evidence is sadly lacking until the twentieth century, when the Bible was acquired by Sir Alfred Reed and donated by him to the Dunedin Public Library in 1950. The date and source of acquisition have gone unrecorded. 

--

** Hewer's bookplate was only the second bookpile bookplate designed in 1699. The other was for Sir Philip Sydenham, 3rd Baronet (1676–1739), whose own plate was based on a 1698 bookpile bookplate designed by Pepys for Arthur Charlett, Master of University College, Oxford. See Brian North Lee's 'Gentlemen and Their Book-plates' in Property of a Gentleman: The Formation, Organisation and Dispersal of the Private Library 1620–1920 edited by Robin Myers and Michael Harris (Winchester, England: St. Paul Bibliographies; New Castle, DE: Oak Knoll Press, 1996): 42–76.

References
Robert Latham (gen. ed.). Catalogue of the Pepys Library at Magdalene College, Cambridge, 6 vols. (Cambridge, England: D. S. Brewer; Totowa, N.J.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1978–1987: 1:14–17 (Bibles).  

Robert Latham and William Matthews (eds.). The Diary of Samuel Pepys, 11 vols. (London: G. Bell and Sons Ltd, 1970–1983). 

Katherine S. Van Eerde. John Ogilby and the Taste of his Times (Folkenstone: Dawson, 1976). Cited in David Norton, The King James Bible (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010), 148.

David Norton. The King James Bible: A Short History from Tyndale to Today. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

11 March 2013

Bought By Association

My previous post on the Dunedin City Library’s copy of Richard Knolles’s Turkish History (London, 1687) inscribed by Samuel Pepys generated some questions about how the book fit within Sir Alfred Hamish Reed’s collecting interests.

Known primarily as a collector of medieval manuscripts, notable editions of the Bible, autograph letters, and the works of Samuel Johnson and Charles Dickens, Reed also collected association copies. ‘To hold in the hand’, wrote Reed, ‘a book that has been inscribed or written in by some famous person, seems … to bring one nearer to him as nothing else, save an autograph letter, can do’ (279).

Association copies were an early collecting interest of Reed’s. Evidence suggests he was acquiring them by at least 1920, if not earlier. His approach was broad, and took in all the points later described in John Carter’s ABC for Book Collectors:

ASSOCIATION COPY
‘This term, often scoffed at by laymen, is applied to a copy which once belonged to, or was annotated by, the author; which once belonged to someone connected with the author or someone of interest in his own right; or again, and perhaps most interestingly, belonged to someone peculiarly associated with its contents’ (27).

In all, Reed's 1948 Deed of Gift records just over 140 association books, mostly presentation copies such as Knolles’s Turkish History. Through further acquisitions by Reed and subsequent purchases made by the Library, the collection today numbers about 570 volumes divided into two sequences: New Zealand and non-New Zealand publications/ associations.

What follows is a selection of books highlighting some of the association copies in the Alfred and Isabel Reed Collection. A secondary reason for this post is I hope readers (or someone you may know) familiar with the signatures/ handwriting of the former owners will contact me should any appear wrongly attributed. Reed purchased these titles in good faith, but objective confirmation is welcome.

Joseph Addison. The Spectator, 8 vols (London, 1749).

The first and sixth volumes are signed by the great eighteenth-century literary figure, Samuel Johnson (1709‒1784).

A photostat of the title-page (along with copies of other Johnsoniana in the collection) was sent to the Johnson scholar J. D. Fleeman in 1968. Fleeman replied with 'delight and enthusiasm' at Reed's ownership of Johnson's copy of Addison's Spectator, confirmed its genuineness, and later listed the book in his A Preliminary Handlist of Copies of Books Associated with Dr. Samuel Johnson (Oxford, 1984).

William Dillingham. Vita Laurentii Chadertoni S. T. P. & Collegii Emmanuelis apud Cantabrigienses magistri primi (Cantabrigiae, [1700]).

A gift from the publishers to the writer and printer Samuel Richardson (1689‒1761), author of Pamela and Clarissa.

It seems unlikely that Richardson received this book the year it was published, being he was just eleven at the time. However, from 1744 until his death, Richardson printed the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. The volumes were produced for the Society's printers Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford, who were involved in the publication of Dillingham's work on the life of English Divine Laurence Chaderton (ca. 1536‒1640).

A. E. M. Grétry. Mémoires, ou Essais sur la Musique (Paris, [1797]).

With the bookplate of the poet Edward FitzGerald (1809‒1883), known for his translation of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam.

In volume one of his Sale Catalogues of Libraries of Eminent Persons (London, 1971‒1975), A. N. L. Munby notes that Trinity College, Cambridge, holds several volumes of 'incongruously bound collections of tracts and excerpts which it was FitzGerald's habit to make up' (Munby, 1:335). FitzGerald's copy of Grétry's Mémoires appears to have received the same treatment, for the volume is made up of various, out of order sequences of leaves from the three volume 1797 reprint of the 1789 first edition.

FitzGerald's bookplate was designed by his friend, the novelist William Makepeace Thackeray (1811‒1863). 

The Holy Bible Containing the Old and the New [Testaments] (Cambridge, 1668).

Affixed to the front pastedown of this 1668 Cambridge Bible is a note dated 13 July 1675 written by Lazarus Seaman (d. 1675), a Presbyterian minister, Master of Peterhouse, Cambridge (1644 to 1660), and active member of the Westminster Assembly.

The 1676 auction of Seaman's library was the first sale of books by public auction held in England. Not every book was included in the sale and no English bibles are recorded in the catalogue. According to B. J. McMullin's note 'Lazarus Seaman and his bequest to James Hulbert', published in The Bulletin of the Bibliographical Society of Australia and New Zealand 14:4 (June 1990), the number three (top left corner) suggests two other books were similarly assigned to other recipients and that the absence of English bibles form the catalogue implies these were most likely given as personal gifts before Seaman's death. Although Hulbert's identity is unknown, McMullin proposes that he may have been a member of Seaman's Silver Street congregation.

Mark Pattison. Milton (London, 1879).

The gift inscription found on the front pastedown was written by Henry George Liddell to his daughter, Alice Pleasance, who was the prototype for Lewis Carroll's Alice of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland fame.

Alice (1852‒1934) was four when she and her siblings met the then twenty-four-year-old Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (1832‒1898), during his visit to their father's deanery in April 1856. Dodgson became a family friend and, on 4 July 1862, invented the story of Alice in Wonderland while on a river picnic with the children. The following year, however, Dodgson was banished from the Liddell household due to an unexplained incident (possibly a marriage proposal made by Dodgson to Alice, then twelve), and his correspondence with Alice, once renewed, was polite at best afterwards (ODNB).

Alice would have been twenty-seven when she received this book in December 1879, and less than a year away from her marriage to Reginald Gervis Hargreaves (1851–1926) in September 1880.

J. H. Stirling. Jerrold, Tennyson and Macaulay (Edinburgh, 1868).

Presentation copy sent by the author, James Hutchison Stirling (1820‒1909), to the eminent biographer and historian Thomas Carlyle (1795‒1881).

According to his entry in the ODNB, Stirling was 'an ardent admirer of Carlyle ... [who] corresponded with the sage as early as 1842, mimicked his passionate style, adopted his cultural pretensions, and took his advice to learn French and German as a means to mastery over contemporary European literature and philosophy'.

Beneath the inscription are pencilled notes in Carlyle's hand. Though he found pages 172 to 224 'worth reading', it appears Carlyle found much of the rest of Stirling's text to be 'noisy - trivial'.

Anthony Trollope. British Sports and Pastimes (London, 1868).

A little known work edited by Anthony Trollope (1815–1882), the copy held by the Dunedin City Library appears to have been the novelist's own, and contains numerous editing marks and annotations in Trollope's hand.

The work was reprinted from articles originally published in St. Paul’s Magazine, of which Trollope was the editor from 1867 until it ceased publication in 1870. Eight articles covering horseracing, hunting, shooting, fishing, yachting, rowing, alpine climbing, and cricket are included in the book, to which Trollope contributed the preface and chapter on hunting.

Did Trollope mark up this copy with the intention of producing a second edition? No later edition is known to exist, but the title was reissued six times (see Michael Sadlier's Trollope bibliography, pp. 218-219). It is therefore possible that the edits in the Reed copy are reflected in one of the reissues.

[For more information, see my short contribution in Trollopiana: The Journal of the Trollope Society 83 (Spring 2009): 8–13.]


Charles Walton. Essays on Natural History, Chiefly Ornithology (London, 1838).

The Reed collection includes four books from the library of Charles Dickens (1812–1870). None, however, are as intimately attached to one of Dickens’s most memorable characters as Waterton’s Essays on Natural History. The character is, of course, Barnaby Rudge’s pet raven 'Grip', the second of Dickens’s popular animal characters (the first being the dog 'Bullseye' from Oliver Twist), who was a composite of two successive ravens of that name which formed part of the Dickens household while he was writing Barnaby Rudge (88 weekly parts, February to November 1841).

Dickens used 'Grip' to great comic effect, and justified its creation by writing: 'Barnaby being an idiot my notion is to have him always in company with a pet raven who is immeasurably more knowing than himself'. Dickens quoted from Waterton in his preface to Barnaby Rudge, and the pencilled markings in the chapter on ravens, bears evidence that it assisted Dickens in describing the fictional 'Grip'.

The other books from Dickens's library held by Dunedin City Library are: R. H. Horne's Ballad Romances (London, 1846) and John Hollingshead's Ways of Life (London, 1861), both inscribed by the authors to Dickens, and a French translation of Dickens's The Old Curiosity Shop published in Paris in 1857 (also with the bookplate of the Comte Alain de Suzannet (1882–1950)).

--

John Carter and Nicolas Barker. ABC for Book Collectors (New Castle, DE; London: Oak Knoll Books; the British Library, 2004, eighth edition)

A. H. Reed. An Autobiography (Wellington: A. H. & A. W. Reed, 1967)

20 January 2013

Edward Wakefield's Annotated Copy of Dieffenbach's Travels in New Zealand

The Dunedin City Library is fortunate to hold three first edition copies of Ernst Dieffenbach's two-volume Travels in New Zealand (London, 1843), possibly the most reliable early book on New Zealand's natural environment and Māori culture written not long after the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi (Wattie 140). One copy belonged to the Stamford Institution, Stamford, Lincolnshire. The second copy was owned by Robert McNab (1864–1917), who, in late 1913, donated his collection of 4,200 books to the Dunedin Public Library. The third copy was purchased by another of the Library's major benefactors, Sir Alfred Hamish Reed (1875–1975), whose bookplate is affixed to the front pastedown.

'Presented to Mr E. Wakefield'
The Reed copy provenance, which has remained unknown for decades and gone unrecorded until now, links the book to one of the most important and controversial families active during the early years of New Zealand's colonial period: the Wakefields.

Inscription on front free endpaper
'Presented to Mr E. Wakefield by the Director of the New Zealand Company. April 1843'.

Originally established in London in 1837 as the New Zealand Association, the New Zealand Company's expressed aim was the systematic colonising of Aotearoa. A founder, and the Director of the Company in April 1843, was the politician and colonial promoter (not to mention convicted abductor), Edward Gibbon Wakefield (1796–1862), a principal figure behind much of the early colonisation of South Australia and New Zealand.

E. G. Wakefield's father, Edward Wakefield (1774–1854), was a philanthropist and land agent. During the 1830s and 1840s, Wakefield, Sr. became what the ODNB describes as 'a warm advocate of Edward Gibbon Wakefield's colonization schemes, writing many letters to newspapers and lobbying the cabinet'. He became in some way an agent, which no doubt accounts for Dieffenbach's Travels having been presented to him by the Company rather than by his son personally.

'The Opinion He Has Given ... Seems Extraordinary'
In addition to being owned by Edward Wakefield, there are no fewer than 216 pages with some form of annotation or marginalia by him.


The sections most heavily marked up are Dieffenbach's general remarks (with attention paid mainly to New Zealand's natural resources), and his chapters on whales and whalers, geological features, Māori customs and language, and the nature and impact of disease on Māori. Nearly all of Wakefield's annotations do not comment on the text or record his thoughts about it, but serve rather as handy reference points to paragraphs or sentences of particular interest.

Wakefield's lone comment related to Dieffenbach's thoughts on the alteration of Polynesian dialects due to the influence of foreign countries, which he believed caused local traditions to be forgotten, and the impact of English (specifically through the Bible in translation) upon Pacific languages. 'New conceptions, new ideas, are pouring in upon these simple and interesting islanders, which importantly affect their language. Every day diminishes ... the chance of recording the different dialects in their purity' (2:304). Dieffenbach's astute (if somewhat condescending) observations struck Wakefield, who wrote on the opposite page:



'The opinion he has given at p. 304 seems extraordinary[.] If the dialects are now so altered then the traditions are forgotten . as a proof none but the old can give an account on the meaning of songs &c'[.]

There is one annotation of particular immediacy (in relation to the date of the gift) and poignancy. On page 94 of the first volume, Wakefield underlined, 'Up to the present time, nearly three years since the purchase, there has not been a single serious misunderstanding between the natives and the European settlers'. In the margin he wrote: 'Natives and European settlers on friendly terms'.

Two months after being given the book, one of Edward's sons, Captain Arthur Wakefield, was killed on 17 June 1843 in the first serious engagement between Māori and the British settlers after the signing of the Treaty of Waitangi. Known as the Wairau Affray, the clash centred around the attempted arrest of the Māori chief Te Rauparaha (ca. 1760s–1849), and left four Māori and twenty-two British dead.

We cannot know for certain when Wakefield read and annotated the text, whether it was before or after Arthur's death. News of the event would not have reached him for months afterwards. The evidence, however, does suggest Wakefield had a specific interest in Te Rauparaha. The first appearance of his name is underlined and is so elsewhere. The names of the Māori chiefs Te Hiko Piata Tama-i-hikoia and Te Werowero are simply noted in the margins, but we find written next to the corresponding printed text in volume one, pages 98 and 99, 'extermination of a tribe by Rauparaha' and 'an account of Rauparaha'.

Te Rauparaha could of course be singled out because he was a well known Māori figure at the time, or perhaps Wakefield wished to learn more about the man he held responsible for the death of Arthur. Either way, these and the other annotations are evidence of careful reading of one of the important early New Zealand books by the father whose sons and grandson are so intertwined with the country's early colonial history.

The Author & Text
Born in Giessen, Germany, Johann Karl Ernst Dieffenbach (1811–1855), was the first trained scientist to live and work in New Zealand. Earning a medical degree in Zurich before being expelled from Switzerland for political agitation and duelling, Dieffenbach sailed for England in 1837 where he changed his name to 'Ernest'. There he befriended such eminent scientists as Charles Darwin, Charles Lyell and Richard Owen. In 1839 Dieffenbach, along with E. G. Wakefield's brother William (1801‒1848), and son, Edward Jerningham (1820‒1879), set sail for New Zealand as naturalist to the New Zealand Company.

Working in a time before science was split into narrow specialisations, Dieffenbach recorded natural features, wrote of the Māori people, their language, customs and beliefs, with insightful understanding. For example, though Dieffenbach found the act of cannibalism and certain other customs detestable, he suggested that 'If one were to reckon up the crimes and gratuitous cruelties ... which civilized men have committed against the savage, the balance of humanity, and of other virtues too, would probably be found on the side of the latter' (2:131)  

Dieffenbach was not embroiled in land purchases from the Māori, and regretted as a theorist and as a man the possible extinction of a native people. Because of his non-alignment with the Company (his contract expired in 1841), missionaries or Government, Dieffenbach was able to suggest ways to protect the Māori from colonisation in his chapter 'How to Legislate for the Natives of New Zealand' (v.2 chap. 9). With remarkable foresight he also realised what the impact could be of introducing alien flora and fauna to the colony: 'what a chain of alterations ... takes place from the introduction of a single animal into a country where it was before unknown' (2:416). An environmental issue New Zealand struggles with to this very day.

In 1845, Edward Jerningham Wakefield, who became an MP in the first New Zealand Parliament, published his own account of New Zealand as Adventures in New Zealand From 1839 to 1844. The historian E. H. McCormick compared the reporting styles of Dieffenbach with that of the young Wakefield in his Letters and Art in New Zealand (Wellington, 1940). He described Wakefield's work as 'all animation and colour and youthful prejudice', which could not have been more different from Dieffenbach who was 'sober, rather heavy-handed in narrative, judicial in his views and statements and possessed of that stability and depth of character which Jerningham so entirely lacked' (McCormick 24).

----

Nelson Wattie. 'Dieffenbach, Ernst or Ernest (1811‒55)' in The Oxford Companion to New Zealand Literature edited by Roger Robinson (Melbourne; Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1998).


For a full account of the Wakefield family, see Philip Temple's A Sort of Conscience: The Wakefields (Auckland: Auckland University Press, 2002).

The text of Dieffenbach's Travels in New Zealand and E. J. Wakefield's Adventures in New Zealand are available on-line through the University of Auckland's Early New Zealand Books project:

Dieffenbach: Volume 1 | Volume 2

Wakefield: Volume 1 | Volume 2